Description

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, with particularly high levels in the small intestine. It plays a role in various biological processes, including wound healing and the formation of certain structures within tissues.

In the context of medicine, tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibody testing, specifically IgA antibodies, is primarily used in the diagnosis of celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. In celiac disease, the immune system mistakenly targets gluten, leading to inflammation and damage to the lining of the small intestine.

When the small intestine is damaged in celiac disease, tTG is released into the bloodstream. As a result, the body may produce antibodies against tTG, including IgA antibodies. Therefore, measuring levels of IgA antibodies against tTG in the blood can help diagnose celiac disease.

The tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody test is often included as part of the diagnostic workup for individuals suspected of having celiac disease, particularly those with symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. It’s important to note that this test is most accurate when the individual has been consuming gluten-containing foods regularly, as going on a gluten-free diet prior to testing can lead to false-negative results.

If the tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody test comes back positive, further evaluation, typically including a small intestinal biopsy, may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis of celiac disease. Treatment for celiac disease involves strict adherence to a gluten-free diet, which can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications associated with the condition.