Description

Serum aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, specifically in the outer layer called the adrenal cortex. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body, primarily by controlling the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium in the kidneys.

Aldosterone secretion is mainly regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which responds to changes in blood pressure, blood volume, and electrolyte levels. When blood pressure or blood volume decreases, or when potassium levels increase, the RAAS is activated, leading to the release of renin from the kidneys. Renin then stimulates the production of angiotensin II, which in turn stimulates the secretion of aldosterone. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water and to promote the excretion of potassium, thereby helping to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

Measurement of serum aldosterone levels is often performed as part of the investigation into various conditions related to blood pressure regulation, such as hypertension (high blood pressure), hypotension (low blood pressure), and primary aldosteronism (a condition characterized by excess aldosterone production). Abnormalities in aldosterone levels can provide valuable information for diagnosing and managing these conditions.